How has Google inc. maintained its long term sustainability within the Essay

How has Google inc. maintained its long term sustainability within the past five years - analyse ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that Google Inc. is a leading international technology companionship which provides advertising, search, operational systems, and platforms, software and hardware products. Its search engine boasts of technology leadership, making the brass section to acquire mandate over similar households in the market. Be that as it may, the company is mired in antitrust investigations in Europe and America. Observers argue that the result of such an investigation may adversely affect the firm in the near future. To ensure that it retains its status as the leading online search company, Google has employed several competitive strategies. Google provides products that rise internet advertising. It has a grade of services and instruments for all kinds of advertisers, ranging from simple text ads, mobile display ads, to publishers. Moreover, the o rganization provides mobile and other similar devices. It also offers products and services in over 100 languages across the world. The firm has three entities under which it carries out its activities Motorola. Google and Motorola Home. The Google part of the organization comprises of advertising and other non-advertizing investments. It mainly centers on search, operating systems, and platforms, as well as enterprise products and services. The search investment is made up of a variety of index of websites and internet contents that the organization keeps and avails via the search engine to clients connected to the internet.

Economic Policy Recommendarion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic Policy Recommendarion - Research Paper ExampleRelative indigence on the several(prenominal) other hand, refers to the economic inequality that is experienced in a particular society. In the early times, poverty was a common cordial problem not only for the developing countries but besides for the currently essential nations. The increased poverty aim was not only due to insufficient and inadequate methods but also it was largely ca gived by the slump demand of the products therefore causing low production in the factories. infrangible and relative poverty are measured in different ways. According to the World Bank, $1.25 per day is the doorway for measuring absolute poverty. However, the threshold has been controversial based on the various thresholds used by some countries. For example, in 2010, the US maintained its threshold at $15.15 per day while China placed its threshold for absolute poverty at $ 0.55 per day (Banerjee and Esther, 2011). During the same yea r, India maintained that its threshold was standing at US$ 1.0 per day. On its part, relative poverty is depicted by the level of income inequality. It is measured by the percentage of individuals with income that is slight than the median income. This paper seeks to discuss the impact of poverty and give policy recommendation on how this social problem can be solved using an economic policy. Impacts of poverty to society Poverty affects a society in different ways. One of the key effects is hunger. Due to lack of adequate cash to purchase food produce as well as lack of sufficient factors of production that includes land, labor, entrepreneurship and great(p) as a result of poverty, members of the society experience reduced food. The problem of hunger especially in some African countries results to illnesses that are caused by lack of springy nutrients for body growth. Another impact of poverty is unemployment. Despite the increase in population, poor countries have not adequate financial resources to initiate investing that acts as major sources of employment. As a result, postgraduate percentage of the members of the society remains jobless thus leading to low households income and low purchasing power (Babb, 2009). Similarly, due to low income that the poor families are make it either monthly or annually, they do not see the need for education. They in most cases use their low income to purchase cheap food products. As a result of lack of adequate education, and vital skills, the poor members of the society are not eligible to be employed thus raising the level of unemployment in a country. Poverty causes discrimination within a society. For example, due to their strong financial position, naughty income earners segregates their poor counterparts both in schools, hospitals and even in making decisions that affects the entire society. On their part, the poor individuals experiences low self esteem and inferior aspects that deteriorates their conditio n (Kerbo, 2006). Based on the increased cases of illnesses among the poor countries, the governments incur high costs in the form of low productivity and high financial expenditure on health care. Ultimately, such governments have to seek for grants from other countries or by increasing domestic taxes thus exerting more than pressure on their economy. An economic policy solution to the poverty problem Based on the ban implications of poverty to the society and to a country as a whole, it is fundamental for

Personality disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

reputation disorder - Essay ExampleThe people share and contrast their personality traits with the fel busted humans, and are indentified with the root or community the patterns of which they follow in their everyday life in behavior. For instance, people categorize the individuals into clement and rude, and generous and selfish etc. The authors view high self-esteem as an important personality trait, which non only reflects high confident level and superior self-assessment, but also is extremely essential for obtaining successes in life (406). However, boosting over ones abilities or having exaggerated confidence level also demonstrates low self-esteem, where one looks to be concealing his weaknesses with the alleviate of snobbish behavior and embellishment. Similarly, admiration and acknowledgement are the factors to hie self-esteem to a great extent (407). Craig & Baucum are of the view that self-conception and estimation appear in children afterward their first birthday, a nd the affects of the first images of self-discovery are long-lasting ones, which seldom perish throughout ones life history (2002228). ... (1936) submits to state that personality is assumed and estimated in the light of few prominent and unique traits and features possessed by the individuals. Personality characteristics are the entities, which produce prejudice among the individuals towards certain mental states they also cause mental states worry beliefs and desires, which in turn cause behaviors (Rosati et al., 20014). It is therefore some individuals appear to be introvert in character (Coon & Mitterer, 408), and keep their views and thinking to themselves, while many people are extrovert, and frequently give vent to their ideas and opinions in the presence of others. In addition, some of the theorists are of the opinion that the individuals are motivated by observing the proceeding of others, which not only urge them to demonstrate the same or superior performance, but als o help out in boosting up of their morale and self-esteem subsequently (Schmitt et al. 20001599) consequently, here appears social learning speculation that argues that all human acts are the outcome of the individuals observation of social establishment in which they have been brought up and have obtained socialization process. Consequently, supporters of social learning theory refute the possibility of nature theories that man enters the demesne carrying some specific personality features and characteristics (Coon & Mitterer, 421-22). It was Bandura to postulate that human behavior could be learned at the cognitive level through observing other peoples actions (Rogers, 20014) hence, people enter this world with the intelligence like clean slate, and learns every act by observing and imitating the others. Crime is aptly stated as learned behavior, which reflects the techniques and methodology the criminals get acquainted with by

CRJS478DB3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJS478DB3 - Research Paper manikinDNA appears in two stands of polymers, made of simple units known as nucleotides, with X and Y genes (Lazer, 2004).The repercussion of DNA leads to production of a pair of identical replicas from the mother molecule. This continuous process takes place in all in all living organisms, and as such, ensures biological inheritance. DNA relates to the genes and chromosomes in such as way that it holds all the cultivation in chromosomes necessary in encoding genes. Chromosomes appear in cells and contain genetic information usually passed down through a given lineage. A gene is a DNA grade that determines particular traits in these living organisms. The most important usage of DNA tests and analysis is DNA profiling, which entails naming of individuals using the profile of their respective DNAs. Forensic scientists can make use of these profiles in identifying victims of a leaven or blast burnt beyond physical recognition, or identifying criminals at a crime stab (Vaughan,

The United States Invasion of Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The get together States Invasion of Iraq - Essay causeBy mid-April, 2003, ibn Talal Husseins army and the government had collapsed, and the affiliate were largely in control of the major Iraqi cities. The allies gradually turned their attention to the rebuilding of Iraq and the establishment of a new Iraqi government, but improvement toward that end was hampered by lawlessness, especially in Baghdad, where U.S. forces had tolerated widespread looting initially. On May 1, President crotch hair declared victory in the war against Iraq. No weapons of mass destruction, however, were found, leading to charges that U.S. and British leaders had overstated the Iraqi biological and chemical threat in order to justify the war. From this fact its possible to watch a conclusion that weapons of mass destruction werent the main reason for the war, but only a cause, casus belli. I think that the root of the US trespass of Iraq in March 2003 is control over oil fields. The flat coat of 2nd Gulf War (2003) comes from an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 32 nations including the join States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia called the 1st Persian Gulf War in 1991. It was a result of Iraqs invasion of capital of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 Iraq then annexed Kuwait, which it had long claimed. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein declared that the invasion was a response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait, which had cost Iraq an estimated $14 billion a year when oil prices fell. Hussein also accused Kuwait of illegally pumping oil from Iraqs Rumaila oil field. During August 1990 Iraq was move more and more troops streaming into Kuwait, by August 6 there were nearly eleven combat divisions. Intelligence analysts at the time understood that Iraq had enough troops in the area to overturn over Saudi Arabia nearly as easily as they had done to Kuwait. King Fahd of Saudi Arabia accept his situation as dire and immediately requested aid from his close powerful friend and ally, the United States. President supply promptly ordered the deployment of U.S. ground and air forces to Saudi territory. U.S. Navy ships were also deployed to the region. So began the operation to defend Saudi Arabia that would be called Desert Storm. The UN Security Council called for Iraq to withdraw and subsequently embargoed most trade with Iraq. On August 7, U.S. troops moved into Saudi Arabia to protect Saudi oil fields. On November 29, the United Nations set January 15, 1991, as the deadline for a peaceful withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. When Saddam Hussein refused to comply, Operation Desert Storm was launched on January 18, 1991, under the leadership of U.S. Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf. The U.S.-led coalition began a considerable air war to destroy Iraqs forces and military and civil infrastructure. Iraq called for terrorist attacks against the coalition and launched Scud missiles at Israel (in an unsuccessful undertake to widen the war and break up the coalition) and at Saudi Arabia. The main coalition forces invaded Kuwait and S Iraq on February 24 and, over the next four days, encircled and defeated the Iraqis and liberated Kuwait. When U.S. President George H. W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28, most of the Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled.

Empowerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Empowerment - Essay ExampleTo illustrate, according to Kotter, employees often dont aspect they plenty influence the vision. If they feel disconnected and removed from the issues, they will feel ineffective and powerless, and will not to want to waste their time.there is less control and predictability in this mode, but passment creates the conditions where new ideas send a sort spark and flourish (Sourcepov, 2010). The modes of communication have undergone tremendous changes during the last two decades. In order to kind a comprehensive strategy for Publix social media, it is necessary to consider the recent development in the theatre of communication technologies. Facebook, twitter, and orkut are some of the most effective communication vehicles of social networking these days (what is go socially?, 2010). It is precise that any organizational or strategic change would not be effective unless care ensures active involvement of a broad base of people whose operations play a l ive role in the proposed change.Therefore, to implement such a social media change, the management has to design proper programs to empower concerned associates. For this purpose, associates essential be allowed to take action in response to different situations and the management must show trust in associates work as well as in their decisions. Such a stance may convince the associates that they are well considered in the organizational affairs. Through this strategy, the management can prepare its associates for the proposed social media change work.Huq (2010) strongly opines that employee empowerment may be a better way for the organization to attract associates to the change rather than forcing or pushing them to change he also adds that a range of obstacles including compensation and performance appraisal-systems and organizational structures often become a barrier for the organization composition implanting the framed changes (p.4). It is advisable for the Publix to adequate ly restructure

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Principles of Economics - Essay ExampleFor example, this figure is equivalent to 9% of the German and 8% of the United States per capita GDP. Furthermore, in terms of nature of imaginativenesss, china has somewhat a small holds of resources based on per capita criteria, which is not even comparable to a developed country of a modest character. These facts reveal the tip of the economic gap between China and the developed countries, which sets it trailing behind (Wolf, 2005). To sustain the country on an economic growth path, the Chinese Government has the responsibility of making significant policy adjustments. These policies should be aimed at transitioning the country from middle-income to high-income status. This includes finding measures to address the social and environment imbalances, improving the access to healthcargon and education, setting targets to invalidate pollution, expanding social protection, and increasing the countrys energy efficiency (Wolf, 2005). The govern ment should also make efforts to mention a new road to industrialization, and modify the approach of economic discipline by developing a circular economy, changing the industrial structure, improving the traditional industries and supporting the strategic and emerging industries. The government of China should also promote pulmonary tuberculosis of information technology to support industrialization, which in turn can needle the countrys competitive advantage especially in respect to its expansive manufacturing industry. It would also be extremely important for the government of China to continue focusing on its regional development strategies, including move around the tendency of widening regional economic gap such as supporting the development of the western regions. The idea of supporting development on certain priority zones can be achieved by setting the national spatial development in an orderly and coordinated manner, which should also include set up between urban and rural areas development (Sun, 2003). Question 2 When we say that we are engaged in a global economy, we mean that we are engaged in economic activities that are beyond a particular countrys borders. This includes a situation where international corporations stop relying on take within the mother country and extend their activities to many countries around the world. The global economy is concerned with globalization of production in areas such as finance, markets, labor force and communications (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). When we talk of free trade, we are referring to a situation where the government of a certain nation eliminates all the artificial barriers to trade, which are normally established to protect the domestic producers from competition from the international market, particularly originating from the trading nations. Free trade is know to increase production because nations are given an opportunity to concentrate in production of those products that they have a competitive advantage. This enables countries to enjoy efficiencies that come from increased output and economies of scale. Free trade also promotes the efficiency of resource allocation hence spurring production efficiency. This is because individual countries are able to exercise efficient use of resources, which potentially results to higher output (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). On the other hand, despite the many benefits, there a quash of disadvantages associated with free trade. This includes creation of structural unemployment as a result of removal of trade

Mesopotamians Polytheism and The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay

Mesopotamians Polytheism and The Epic of Gilgamesh - Essay ExampleNippur city state for example, was dedicated to the graven image of the intimation know as Enlil. Occupying a number of acres was a temple complex at the centre of attention of each city-state. It comprised of a ziggurat and a temple dedicated to the god or goddess of the city at the top. The god or goddess placed at the top of the temple was in the form of a statue. The plait of temples and other buildings such as priests and priestesses residents always consumed a lot of wealth. A close relationship surrounded by the culture and religion of the Mesopotamians could be seen in the way temples were dominating structures in their commercial and personal lives. The Mesopotamians weigh of the world or universe was impacted by their physical environment. Their local climate consisted of a disturbing climate, heavy downpours, ferocious floods and scorching winds. Famines and such conditions were convincing factors to the Mesopotamians that supernatural powers controlled the world and the life of human macrocosms in it were short. These throw out be clearly seen in the laments of the epic of Gilgamesh where the Mesopotamians always felt helpless in the bearing of nature. Some words from the poem are as follows The rampant flood which no man can oppose, Which shakes the heavens and causes earth to tremble, In an appalling blanket folds mother and child, Beats down the canebrakes wide of the mark luxuriant greenery, And drowns the harvest in its time of ripeness. (qtd. in Spielvogel 11). Because of the many gods and goddesses that controlled the universe, Mesopotamians had a religion of polytheism. The greatest god was An, god of the sky, he was the source of all authority followed by Enlil, god of the wind. The god of the earth was known as Enki, he was in charge of all canals, wells and rivers as well as amnionic fluid of creativity. Ninhursaga, the goddess was initially associated with mounta ins, soil and vegetation but eventually became a mother goddess. The relationship between the Mesopotamians and their gods was that of subservience since they believed they were created to work for their gods. Since they were unsure of what the gods would do they developed arts of divination. Divination took various forms with the most common being that of priests and kings. They would kill animals like sheep and analyze their organs to foretell events. Predicted events served as a means of guiding raft to act wisely. The Mesopotamians viewed expiry with horror and fear. Death and disease were viewed in a spiritual perspective. They believed that the gods ordained im mortality rate for themselves and death for man. They also believed that death and sickness were the results of sin. According to their mythology, man was made of clay which was then added blood and mannequin of a god therefore, God was present in all human beings. The main purpose why man was created was to serve t he gods. When humans offended the gods, they would get angry and withdraw their support allowing demons to take over. The souls of deathlike people went to the underworld where according to the Mesopotamians was a dark land from which no one returned. However, offended hard liquor could find their way back to the living and inflict misery on them for their wrongdoings. To avoid such wrath, the Mesopotamians gave casual sacrifices to the spirits of the dead to appease them. The story of Gilgamesh is similar to the story of Noah in the Bible. The story deals with issues surrounding mortality and immortality. Gilgamesh was Sumerian king

Future of the Court POLS640.F.8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Future of the romance POLS640.F.8 - Essay ExampleFor instance, President Eisenhower assigned some(prenominal) Chief Justice William J. Brennan and Justice Earl Warren. He was later disappointed by their broadminded inclinations on the Supreme Court and referred them to as the biggest damned-fool mistakes (Kommers et al 13).A justice can be appointed for life especially if he or she has a long and distinguished c arer in law and a good leger of public service. Majority of justices start their careers as members of congress, aspires of presidency, and judges of lower courts (Gibson and Thurgood 111). There is a need to appoint justices for life when it comes to handling cases in the Supreme Court. This is because the longer the Justices remain in court the more they function experienced when it comes to making decisions in Court. Deciding on which cases to be heard, requires effective decision making procedures. When begs are reviewed and summarized by law clerks, the Chief Justic e is required to suck in a good list of petitions to be discussed. In this stage the Justices agree on which petitions to reject and accept for discussion (Kommers et al. 18).The surviving petitions are whence discussed in the conference at the beginning of Courts term. The Rule of Four criterion is use by justices to decide on the cases to be heard. If four Justices disagree to hear a case, then the petition is dismissed (Gibson and Thurgood 85). Cases that qualify to be heard must always have various factors. These factors include the order of magnitude of the issue raised by the case clarity of the involved issue development of a manage and clear record of the case by the lower court and the cases potential impacts on the Courts own prestige and credibility (Kommers et al. 18).Highly experienced Justices are able to make effective voting on cases, as well as, writing opinions. Each Justice reveals his or her views on the case being discussed and indicates how he or she intends to

Pedagogical Strategy Using the Harry Potter Books Research Paper

Pedagogical Strategy utilise the Harry Potter Books - Research Paper ExampleAccording to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that making the curriculum conducive for inculcating the interest in the students of primary(a) age has always come as a big challenge to the educationalists. Culturally responsive teaching implies using cooperative learning methods and strategies to discover the students worlds and hold back them into the world of the classroom. The interest a child takes in his/her studies in the elementary age plays a decisive role in his/her current and future academic performance, and his/her professional c atomic number 18er in the long run. On the other hand, children argon least sincere about their studies in the elementary school because they are too little, or perhaps more rightly, too immature to conceive the importance of education in their life. In order to generate a competent workforce to serve in the market and manufacture in the future, measu res need to be taken today, to raise childrens interest in their studies when they are in the very early years of their academic career. One way to achieve this is by making the elementary education compliant with the standards, norms, and culture of Hogwarts School as portrayed in the Harry Potter series. When inculcated in the fundamental educational system, educational and other standards of Hogwarts School will raise childrens interest in all of their subjects and school in general, and English literature in particular. Children studying in one educational level like 1st grade or 2nd grade are distributed between sections of the homogeneous class as per the seniority of registration or any other criteria. Unfortunately, the conventional sorting processes are unwatchful of a childs association with his/her friends of his/her own age, and the friends get distributed in separate sections. This happens to be one of the reasons why children lose interest in studies.

Assess and comment on presentations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

judge and comment on presentations - Essay ExampleThe presentation fails to define natural lecture and chatal interface, which argon two primeval terms that should not be left undefined because we, the audience, need to understand the sponsors scope of definition. Other limiting sections of the presentation are the First Street Investments example that does not fully capture the concept of natural language and conversational interfaces, and the use of only two references by the author. The researcher should have used at least six references to add depth to his arguments.2/5 use of a good example and good definition of a key term. The lack of a definition for natural language and conversational interface, limits our ability to fully evaluate the authors brain of these key terms. Limited use of references.The first item we notice is a wrong presentation form of address. The title is not appropriate because a communication interface need not necessarily be a conversation interfa ce. Graphical interfaces are also communication interfaces and from the presentation the author restricts himself to conversation interfaces. Another interrelate is that the presentation is unnecessarily lengthy probably because of redundancy for example conversation interface is defined in slide 3 and 12, and the slides look clumsy from too much wording. Nevertheless, one of the biggest strengths of the presentation is the definition of key terms - natural language, conversation interface and natural language and the presenters discipline in restricting his/her conversation within the given boundaries. Based on the authors definition of both natural language and conversation interface the example provided about a webpage is appropriate. However, we notice that half of the resources used for reference are pre year 2000. The presenter should seek more current references to work with.The presentation structure and skill utilized here

Electoral college Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electoral college - Coursework ExampleThe government of the United States is comprised of three branches. The separation of proponent is provided by the constitution. The three branches are executive, judiciary and the legislature (Campbell, 2004). The executive is comprised on the President, Vice President and the Departments. The personify makes up the most superior governmental position. In addition, the branch holds the laws take a crapd and stated in the constitution. The legislature is comprised of the brook and the Senate. The two bodies are less superior to the executive. However, there are responsible for the creation of laws. Additionally, the two bodies manage as supervisors to the functions of the executive (Campbell, 2004). They analyze the effectiveness at which the executive implements the provision of the constitution. The judiciary contains the court establishment and the Supreme Court. The branch is provided with the responsibility of interpreting the provi sion of the constitution. The branch also oversees the function of the executive and the legislature as provided by the constitution. The separation of power allows for the effective operation and completion of duties by the three branches. In addition, the separation of power allows for the measurement of the effectiveness of the three branches.Regardless of separation of power, there is the need to create a mechanism that would enable the control and restriction of excessive potentiality by one body. Specifically, the dominance of one branch of government should not be allowed. In most cases, the executive may implement policies that depict dictatorship. To avoid such occurrences, the constitution provides for checks and balances (Kilman & Costello, 2000). The provisions are aimed at increasing the ability of for each one body of the government to effectively carry out its functions. In addition, checks and balances minimize the occurrence of one body having greater power and

Whitney Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Whitney - Case Study ExampleAs the discussion highlights more emphasis would be put on client and customer by introducing novel program on Social skills. Focus would be on ontogenesis skills in social networking and developing constructive human relationship. It is vital as Whitney is in consultation where people are required to act with diverse population. The new recruits should undergo training as it would divine service them to understand the organizational culture and promote their integration with the system so their competencies can be better exploited to suit the needs of the clients. If and when the employees or executives are required to cater to new requirements of client and if their academic qualifications and experience requirement additional inputs, they moldiness undergo training to upgrade their skills for optimal performance. Whitney must evaluate its programs through performance measurement and feedback from clients and in-house colleagues. This would help to e valuate the effectiveness of programs as and when used with clients. Improvements on social skills could also gauged through feedback from colleagues and satisfaction of clients.

Individual Midterm essay exam- Great Britain Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Midterm exam- Great Britain - Essay ExampleWhen one focuses on how Weiner discussed virtually multiculturalism in Great Britain, it gives interesting and insightful perspectives.In the chapter titled Great Britain, Weiner goes to the city of Slough, which is located practiced London in U. K. In association with BBC, Weiner conducts a happiness experiment in Slough by taking around fifty volunteers and making them part of an twelve weeks happiness regime. Apart from finding the results and rendition it, Weiner makes certain key inputs regarding multiculturalism.At the outset, he brings out how multiculturalism has given both advantages and disadvantages to Slough and Great Britain as a whole. Great Britain is home to people from various ethnicities and that has given certain advantages particularly in the enrichment of cuisine, further has also led to certain socio-political issues. Slough, like much of Britain, is multicultural. On the one hand, this welcome news. The immigrants have spiced up bland British cuisine, as well as the bland British personality. On the other hand, this inflow of immigrants has brought problems. Most notably, Islamic terrorists (Weiner 326-327). Although, Weiners latter perspective of how immigration has led to Islamic terrorism power be controversial, it cannot be totally overlooked.On the other hand, as mentioned above, influx of immigrants has accentuated the diversity of the country and has purge contributed to a better understanding of cultures of other countries. That is, as immigrants from other countries are living in postgraduate numbers in many localities in Great Britain, including in Slough, it provides the native British people to a greater extent opportunities to interact and socialize with them thereby understanding and appreciating other cultures more. Weiner even goes to the extent of stating that by being in Slough and experiencing

The History of the Criminal Justice System Research Paper

The History of the Criminal Justice System - Research reputation ExampleThe main dodgings areDuring the colonial period, Americans were living in a alliance that did not realize any rules and laws that were formalise so as to protect and guide behavior from sinful activities. Americans were still counting out the way to coexist in a land that was new. The modern criminal justice system is the outcome of many several evolution changes that have been undergone by the society from the time of the United States inception. over the years, mechanisms have been established the institute and enforce the societys rules as well as avenge offenders and assign responsibility. Currently, those functions are undertaken by the police, and corrections. Initially, United States criminal justice system did not have this structure. introductory to the establishment of the formal laws, rules, and institution, Americans depended on religion and sin as the way of shaping the society and its beha vior. biblical terms defined a lot of colonial crime codes, which made offenses like profanity, sacrileges of the Sabbath, and blasphemy exceedingly punishable (Falk, G. 2010).Punishments like stoning, dunking, and whipping were made to humiliate the offenders and eventually result to their repentance. As the American society grew, both in population and location, religion became less frequent in guiding criminal justice. right away the laws were designed to uphold and values and morality, which were a common concern for many people during this time alternatively than religion. The changes led to increased laws and more violations. Whether right or wrong, ineffective or effective, these events shaped the contemporary criminal justice system of the United States. The shift from small, religiously same towns as large cities that are diverse and cultural customs were of great extent, permanently transformed the landscape of the criminal justice system, this created the necessity f or formalized courts, police, and corrections (Monkkonen, E. H. 2002).The time

The Catholic Bishops Essay Example for Free

The Catholic Bishops EssayEvangelisation in England and Wales is a report written by Philip Knights and Andrea Murray for the Catholic Bishops convention of England and Wales published in 2002. Knights is a member of the Catholic Missionary auberge. Murray teaches at Ushaw College, Durham. The bishops commissivirtuosod the report to avail the church services evangelisation efforts in the new century, aw ar that congregations were declining in size and that members were gro lovablesg older. The report consists of octet chapters and 172 pages of text.There is also a foreword by Crispian Hollis, bishop of Portsmouth and Chairman of the Mission and Unity department of the Bishops Conference. The mental institution (7-10) describes how the research was conducted. A section follows this on Theological Background (11-55). Section iii continues theological materialisation with an exploration of the concept of Missio Dei (56-67). Section four discusses the contexts in which evan gelisation takes place (68-79) then section five describes the fashion model of Analysis (80-84), leading into the vexation of data in section six (85-132).Section seven, on locations of evangelisation (133-156) begins to nonify some possibilities for evangelisation while the final section offers some recommendations (157-169). The research behind the report included reviewing theological material on evangelisation including church building documents and statements, participant observation, interview and use of a questionnaire (7). The questionnaire was sent to several constituencies. These were Catholic parishes, priests, seminarians, bishops and diocesan officials.The largest constituency was the first, since more(prenominal) than four million lot belong to Catholic parishes. The authors describe Participation and assay Size in an Appendix, commenting that in order to ensure at least 1,000 resolutions from parishes, 5,000 questionnaires were distributed in 1250 randomly el ect Catholic parishes (171). 23% of these were returned. 1250 priests were sent questionnaires, of who 36% responded. 55% of bishops and officials responded of the 120 who received questionnaires. A 44% response rate came from seminarians.Pilot surveys tested drafts of the data-collecting instrument before the final version was distributed. All sections draw on the results of the social science type research and quotes from respondents argon used throughout, placed in text-boxes. Section begins by defining the meaning of the term evangelisation, commenting that Catholics prefer this to the word evangelism which is widely used by Protestants. The Catholic Church has preferred the term evanglisation since the 1970s (29). The term mission has receded in usage, in the main due to compound connotations (30).Evangelism tends to be associated mainly with personal or individual transformation evangelisation has a greater sense of the cosmic (30). On the one hand, the terms evangelism and ev angelisation can be used interchangeably (20). On the other, evangelism is more commonly associated with presenting the Gospel to those who argon not the Nazareneians (12) often verb ally, while evangelisation has a broader scope. Indicating that as many as 79 definitions of evangelisation are available, the authors offer their own definition, emphasizing that evangelisation includes living the Good News as well as proclaiming it.Evangelisation does not end when tribe become Christian but continues in formation and renewal of active Christians and of converts and in transforming the whole of humanity and the world so that perfections kingdom of love, peace and referee become a reality (14). This broad definition of evangelisation challenges the tendency, noted by the authors, to limit its scope to nerve-racking to persuade non-believers to believe. The authors stress that evangelisation is Gods work, not an human work.Gods presence whitethorn be found in unexpected places (16 ) and the Church must not be regarded as having an grievous bodily harm claim on Gods presence or on Gods actions. As well as bringing new members into the Church, evangelisation also seeks to make less active members more active, to win back those who live left the church and to develop the life of parishes (18). Evangelisation, too, has a special concern for people on the margins, whether due to poverty, social circumstances or other reasons (16). Pages 23-29 trace the derivation of the word evangelisation from the scriptural word for Good News, or Gospel.Taking the Good News into all the world, the authors say, which Jesus entrusted to the apostles and they entrusted to the Church, involves more than winning converts. It has to do with manifesting Gods love in the world (28), gifting loving communities by deeds as well as by word. Throughout, the authors are eager to stress that evangelisation is the job of all Christians, not of a chosen few or of priests and religious only. Those who energise been evangelized must become evangelizers (48). Peoples gifts neuter but all brook a part to play.Building on their biblical research, the authors use three terms to indicate what might be understood as stages of the evangelisation process, kerygma (proclamation), koinonia (fellowship) and diakonia (service) which cooperate in the task of arousing and fostering a living faith (33). The authors also link evangelisation and threesome, arguing that it is not so much the Church that does evangelisation but that evaneglisation happens to the Church (36) which is rooted in the Divine Communion of the Trinity (46).There is a need to avoid the temptation to limit the scope and meaning of evangelisation to any champion activity (36). The social circumstances of the twenty-first century, that is, a society of mainly unchurched people with Britain as one of the least religious countries in the world (70) demands new methods of evangelisation, new means of communication . The section on Mission Dei builds on the theological reflection by locating everything that the Church does within the activity of the triune God (56). Mission is Gods work.Mission aims to gather all things to God through Christ and the Holy Spirit is the main agent of mission. The Spirit is not confined to the Church but is present in the world and active in all people including those of other faiths (61 71). The term mission dei is commonplace with Evangelical as well as with Catholic thinkers. Again, personal responsibility for mission is stressed because we have been transformed, we must transform the world (58). The aim of mission is not to preserve the Church but to establish the conditions required for Gods kingdom to dawn (62). Gods kingdom is intended for all humanity (63).The Church, however, is also central to the work of mission, the primary participant in the mission dei (64) because it anticipates the Kingdom (66). The Church is, the authors say, a sacrament of the communion with God and unity among all peoples that we recognize as the kingdom of God (66). Discussing the context of evangelisation, the authors argue that the Church needs to consider the context in which the people she seeks to address are located. The Church must have an intimate knowledge of society and be aware of social changes, some(prenominal) those that can be affirmed and those that should be challenged and resisted (69).Evangelisation reaches out to people in specific social, political and sparing contexts. Membership of and participation in religious communities has seriously declined and younger people especially tend to have no religious adherence (70). Others are committed members of other faiths and of other Christian churches. Such people are to be respected. Cooperation rather than competition with ecumenical partners is to be preferred (71). Historically British Catholics have seen themselves as outside the mainstream of religious life and have adopted a fortr ess mentality (72).This has declined and Catholics are now better placed to engage in constructive Dialogue with thir neighbours in Civil Society. Decline in priestly vocations, too, impacts evangelisation, resulting in a need to reorganize parishes and to spread fewer resources more widely (73). Discussing contemporary culture, the authors argue that the trend towards fragmentation and individualism presents challenges. The post-modern idea that great stories and meta-narratives are not to be trusted challenges the Gospel, which is regarded as the definitive all comprehensive narrative.Institutions, organized religion, authority figures such as priests and bishops are distrusted as people pick and mix more freely. The Catholic Church is perceived to be out of step with some social trends, such as lifestyle choices but also on the role of women. Increasingly empowered in the wider society, the place of women in the Church appears to lag behind (76). Again, the authors spotlight th at the poor and marginalized have a special claim on the Gospel. Here, they refer to the ecumenical programme Justice, love-in-idleness and the Integrity of Creation as having particular resonance with the concerns of the age.Lobbying on issues of economic justice, environmental health are all aspects of evangelisation perceived as kingdom-building. British Catholics can help globally as well as more locally to deal with such issues as relieving the debt-burden of developing nations and with issues related to asylum seekers and refugees. Section five, on the framework of analysis is a brief explanation of how the social science research data was analyzed, as presented in the next section. In analyzing the data, the authors found two frameworks helpful.These are derived from the literary research summarized in preceding chapters. The frameworks are described as the triangle of kerygma, koinonia and diakonia and as parish vitality. The authors suggest that Catholics are frail at ini tial proclamation, that is, at attracting converts and traditionally stronger at fostering faith and serving society. Vital Parishes would work on as places of witness of welcome, of catechesis and of growth whereas at present the former tends to be carried out elsewhere, such as through small-groups or special initiatives.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayYesterday evening, terror had potty the streets of Verona when there was a brawl between the Capulets and the Montagues. The end result was two fatalities and one missing person. Tybalt Capulet, nephew of the maestro Capulets wife, was allegedly slain by Romeo Montague, son of the great Lord Montague. Mercutio, kin to Prince Escalus, was the other casualty. He was allegedly slain by Tybalt, using Romeo as a shield when trying to break them up. Benvolio, of the Montagues, was an eye-witness to the painful scene and was interviewed for hid full report on what happened. According to him, Tybalt wanted to labour Romeo, but Romeo declined and tried to middle the situation also making alleged suggestions that they were related. And Mercutio, who had some violent tendencies, decided that he would fight Tybalt himself. But, in Romeos attempt to solve the problem, he got in between the two of them and Tybalt ended up injure Mercutio. He died on the spot. Then, R omeos anger got the best of him and he killed Tybalt for killing his best friend. Then, he unless decided to flee the scene so he wouldnt get caught.However, Lady Montague had her own nerve of the story she said Benvolio is a Montague he is not telling the truth. There must accommodate been 20 guys fighting against Tybalt. Romeo must not live Lord Montague had said during his interview, Romeo and Mercutio were best friends, he was doing what the law would have done to Tybalt, and he killed him. A few weeks ago, the Prince declared that if he heard of one more fight between the two infamous families, there would be a death sentence.You would think that with this warning, the families would consider ever-changing their violent ways. We got a few comments from the Prince, saying that the families will pay for the unfortunate events of the terrible night and an immediate exile against Romeo was declared. He clearly stated If those who kill are given mercy, thats as a great deal as giving permission for murder. As for now, our deepest sympathies go out to the kin of the fatalities.

Long Neck in Thailand Essay Example for Free

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School Lunches Essay Example for Free

School Lunches EssayStudying at school takes much zilch from millions of students all over the world. Pupils spend at school approximately 8 hours per day. Therefore many an(prenominal) pupils oblige chronic illnesses, according to that 80 % of school leavers argon limited in a profession choice. These hassles mug up due to malnutrition in school canteens. Consequently this problem worried minds of society. The aim of the report is to explore take aim of nutrition which submit in Latvia and other camps of the world. We can do a tremendous amount of soundly for kids across the country if we change school takees, says Chef Ann barrel maker, the self proclaimed renegade lunch lady. Chef Ann Cooper is a celebrated author, chef, educator, and enduring advocate for better food for all children (Insite, 2010) It was established that one of the causes of sundry(a) school diseases such as dental caries, stunting, disease of the gastrointenstinal tract as well as obesity occur due to the poor quality of food, which is provided by the school administrators, assert Hutton (2011). The author claims that students who chose eating lunch which was proposed by school tended to have excess weight in comparison with those students who chose taking lunch from home. discover moreEssay About School CanteenAs a rule, students prefer eating fat person meals, for instance, burgers, french fries, chips, drinking sugary lemonades than fruits, vegetables and drinking still water. (Suddath, 2009) It means that the school administration should ban to shell out fast food which contain high level of fats. Lucy Komisar is an investigative reporter and author of articles in The virgin York Times newspaper contend, that schools get food for lunches free of charge from the Agricultural Department and then both(prenominal) schools cook it on site but unfortunately majority schools prefer to turn these qualitative and unused products into fried chicken nuggets, fruit pastries and others. It means that food loses the nutrition qualities after cosmos processed. Many schools quell to exceed the standards for fat, saturated fat and sodium. (Komisar 2011) The author consider that it occurs because the school administration aspires to save money, because they not indispensableness to pay a salary to kitchen workers.Such situation occurs at present in United States of America. The problem of un thinking(a) food is actual not only in United States of America, but also in European countries. The statistic shows that an obesity epidemic reigns in Great Britain as well, because 25% of young people being classified as obese or overweight (Oliver 2012). Oliver (2012) believes that a school meal is vital for childrens health,because it is one-third of a childs daily nutritional intake. It is badly that parents of some children are as well busy to cook for their children or they cook ready meals, thus the only one possibility to eat nutritious meal for children is a school canteen, notes Oliver. Hence government should do everything to encourage children to make salutary choice, otherwise children will continue to suffer wrote author.Finally, compare existing situation in Latvia. The government of Latvia verboten to sale in the school canteens and kindergartens unhealthy food and beverages such as ships, coloured fizzy drinks, tint containing chewing gums, report Leta (2006). The author state that instead of lemonades school canteen offers more healthier drinks, such as fruit or vegetable juices, water or milk. Milk and dairy products contain many valuable nutrients calcium and protein, which should be acquired by an organism in childhood and adolescence, recommend doctors.Latvian clear up of transformation schools food, shows good results. The research shows that majority of pupils consider that the most healthier food is dairy products, soups and grain as well, ascertained the research participants. Pupils admitted that at their daily diet there are many vegetables and fruit, which helps them to restore energy (Leta, 2012). Thus the situation in Latvia is encouraging that our children will be healthy and the most cleverer in the world.

Diploma in Business Essay Example for Free

Diploma in Business EssayDescribe how selling techniques are used to market crossways in two organizations.P2- describe the limitations and constrains of marketing.M1- compare marketing techniques used in marketing products in Two organizations. Answer P1 I am going to be talking ab break how marketing techniques are used to market products in two different organizations.Marketing is the process of understanding the market, inwardly which a transaction operates and satisfying customers, reads in order to meet the objects of the moving in. The role of marketing at heart a decomposeicular organization will depend on the organization overall headings. The object of numerous businesses is to make a profit, but it not the purpose of many voluntary and public (government owned) organization, although marketing is as equally important for them. In order successfully identify, anticipate and satisfy customer needs, a businesses need to carry out market research to assess its competitive position and its customers needs.Once a business knows to a greater extent about its customers and competitors it can stripe calorie-free and smart marketing objectives.Unit 1 Different types of business activity and ownership Pass 1 A) Type of businesses activity If I live in a city of any size especially in an area where new the great unwashed are travel in people are increasingly using the net income to find local anesthetic businesses. Microsoft cant be local because people search jobs by region United States, Europe and Asia etc. Oxfam is a local as well such as dictated in Watford High Street. Some of the businesses that can be helped by local Internet marketing allow in chiropractor, computer retailer, travel agent, locksmith, massage therapist, insurance agent, existent e state agent, mortgage broker, maid service hardware retailer, plumber, auto repair etc. How to use the Internet to market a local or regional business. There are many businesses in UK. I t is located sites crosswise a country. For example, Microsoft Company is found in Cambridge that is UK. Of course Oxfam is collecting money to save people and it is every where in the UK, i.e. London, Hertfordshire, Oxfordshire and Birmingham etc. they will be called National Businesses. An world-wide business company is a legal entity incorporated in a tax haven which is free from all local taxes (except slight fixed annual fees).Typically the IBCcannot conduct business in the country of incorporation. Oxfam transnational is a bond of 13 organizations working with over 3000 partners in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. Microsoft International Careers Newsletter, a free quarterly e-publication that will give us successionly information on move opportunities at Microsoft, i.e. from Europe somewhere else. Both Microsoft and Oxfam are global companies, but Microsoft careers can take us to a global presence. They offer opportunities aroun d the world to make an impact with the next generation of engine room theyre building today. Political factors include legal aspects (e.g. Microsoft copyright), the general political ethos. Economic factors Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long-terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. to count at Economic factors include the effect of the economy (e.g. Interest rates) on individuals, and on musical arrangements. Social factors The societal and cultural influences on business vary from country to country.It is very important that such factors are considered. Factors include demographic change (e.g. Oxfam is concerned of changes in proportion of age groups and educational changes.), other changes in mixer habits (where people go to shop, leisure expectations), Technological factors Technology is decisive for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. Consider the following points There are obviously a wide range of technological factors affect libraries and information centres (e.g. Microsoft Internet, telecommunications, and the media in which people expect to find information). Section 2 National and international laws International laws are created by international bodies in particular Britain can be affected by European Union laws. The European Union courts are increasingly important in making judgements which apply across the Union. European Union laws are regarded as having supremacy over national laws. *Employment Over time a body of law or legislation has developed governing employer/employee relations and the rights of employees and employers in the workplace. The working Time Directive, 1999 Both businesses must guarantee to all employees a maximum 48 hours working week, and a four week holiday. Employees can choose to opt out of the Working Time requirement and summate to work longer hours if they wish. * Contracts Oxfam employees have rights under their contract of employment. An employmentcontract is a legal capital of New Hampshire between an employer and an employee, setting out the terms on which one agrees to employ the other. The plan must set out where the business wants to go, the aims and objectives, and details of how they will accomplish these aims it is referred to as the strategy. Aims and objectives The aims of the companies depend on the kind of business they are. For example, the aims of Oxfam will be quite different from those of Microsoft. A firm needs to have a clear sense of direction that should be clearly communicated to all stakeholders.The aims of the businesses that can be split into objectives. The objectives set out more specifically how the aim can be achieved. For example, the aim of the Microsoft is to be the worlds leading software supplier. The objective is to undercut the price of rivals to take over other similar makers to increase sales by plentiful discount price to the customers so this shall increase the needs of the company. Internal structures The two chosen businesses are Microsoft and Oxfam vital to generate a structure that will enable them to better meet the needs of their stakeholders. For example, an essential part of the structure of a private company is the Board of Directors with the MD at the top. By giving game anteriority to the Board means that the interests of the owners (stakeholders) are given priority.However, the companies need to predict for the customers that are very evidentiary organisational structure needs to ensure there are obvious links to customers. For example, the businesses can give priority to the position of customer service managers. Make a judgement about the importance of these factors on the organisation concerned. Factors Organisations can be concerned on Political Funding Wars and conflict political science policies Elections Political trends Government term and change Trading polices Economic Interest and exchange rates Taxation changes specific to product/services Disposable income Job growth/unemployment Import/export ratios Production level Internal sources of finance i.e. banks, hire purchase, leasing and etc.

High Stakes Testing Essay Example for Free

High Stakes interrogation EssayTests atomic number 18 a very important tool for measuring achievement at that placefore, they should be part of a system which provides fair learning access to all students. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) which requires states to develop accountability systems and provide assessment of the students performance in order to receive federal funding accordingly has guide to the necessity of implementing large-scale interrogatory. The goal of using these types of tests fanny be considered praiseworthy if the tests are designed in such a way that all students are tested on a curriculum they beget had a fair opportunity to learn (especially racial and ethnic minority students or students with a damage or limited slope proficiency) the tests are scored properly, taking into account that the test scores of those students with limited face skills should be interpreted in accordance with those limitations the tests are used appropriately. For example, a test that has been validated lone(prenominal) for diagnosing strengths and weaknesses of individual students should not be used to evaluate the educational quality of a school.The human beings schools of br some otherhood Carolina, for example, carry a very high- sends accountability program known as The New first rudiment of Public Education. which has had a major impact on curriculum, instruction, assessment, and school personnel throughout the state. The program requires End-of-Grade Tests (3-8 and 10), End-of-Course Tests (on Algebra I, Algebra II, Biology, Chemistry, Civics Economics, English I, Geometry, Physical Science, Physics, U. S. History, NCCLAS ), Tests of Computer Skills, Competency Tests, Writing Assessments Grades 4, 7, and 10, IDEA English Language Proficiency Tests.Each North Carolina school, as well as any school in any other state has to extend to itself an annual report card, with assessment results broken down by poverty, race, ethni city, High Stakes Testing 2 disability, and English-language proficiency. In this way, the race for more and better information about school performance sets off. More solicitude should be paid to the quality of data educational authorities receive as it is a event that there are schools which are painting a picture prettier than sincereity, thus misleading authorities, taxpayers and what is even worse, holding students trapped in low quality institutions.Under NCLB, if schools fail to make adequate yearly take place on state tests for three successive years, students can use federal funds to transfer to higher-performing existence or secret schools, or to obtain supplemental education services from providers of their choice but this could not be possible if the low-quality institutions they attend remain invisible under misleading reports of pretended excellence.In some districts, raising test scores are the to the highest degree important indicators of school improvement so teachers bump the pressure to ensure that test scores go up. Knowing that schools that fail for four to five consecutive years may face state takeovers, have their staffs replaced, or be bid out to private management some teachers narrow the curriculum and teach only what is covered on the test. There are many issues that should be taken into account when it comes to evaluating high stake assessment.One of them is the reliability of high stake tests which is definitely at risk when large subject domains (mathematics, language arts) are measured with relatively hardly a(prenominal) questions and a narrow focus on skills and knowledge. Major decisions like getting a diploma or being promoted to the next grade require a balance of information including in-class performance, interviews, observation, projects, and class work.Perhaps the closely important critical claim is that standardized tests do not measure critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, and other similar impor tant aspects of intelligence. Students who are perfectly intelligent can perform poorly in high-stakes testing, and this can have serious consequences for the student as well as his or her school. High Stakes Testing 3 In my opinion, the first of the three most important issues in high stakes testing is the type of test used.Large-scale high-stakes testing programs are primarily focused on serving the goals of norming and pickax rather than student mastery of content and problem-solving (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, Glaser, 2001). These two types of testing are almost impossible to reconcile. A second issue of great importance is assessment of learning versus assessment for learning (Stiggins, 2002) There is a distinction between high-stakes testing (assessment of learning) and the formative assessment techniques that teachers may use throughout the year to sustain learning (assessment for learning).In the case of the former, the goal of the test is to measure what students know or can do. In the case of the latter, the goal of the test is to provide information that will improve student learning. The third most important issue is, in my opinion, the test / curriculum adjustment. Appropriate assessments measure the objectives set out at the classroom level and at the same time reflect curriculum (or content) that has been selected to reach the specified objectives.To contribute up, any decision about a students continued education, such as retention, tracking, or graduation, should not be based only on the results of a single test, but should include other relevant and valid information. The classroom is the realm of the teacher. State tests do not tell teachers how to teach, they suggest what should be taught, so there is no reason why students cannot learn how to think critically, solve problems or develop their creativity.State tests are taken at the end of the year or course, so teachers have the opportunity to diagnose their students ineluctably and work o n their improvement so that by the time they sit for the tests they can feel overconfident and succeed as expected. It is only fair to use test results in high-stakes decisions when students have had a real opportunity to master the materials upon which the test is based and this cannot be achieved without an active and professional teacher.

Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Team Reflection canvasNovelty products for retail sale Capital expenditure purchases of large equipment that are used for the business. Kitchen Equipment (Grill, Refrigeration, Dishwasher) Air instruct Unit Copy or Fax Machines Computers Weekly Topics Related to the Common Contracts This week we reviewed how the statute of frauds declare to common law Contracts that involve the sale of an interest of land Contracts that cannot be performed in under one(a) year.Contracts to pay the debt of an other(a) (such as a loan surety) Contracts made in consideration of marriage (such as a prenuptial) We also discussed bid performance and the obligation of the parties to perform within the requirements or agreement of a postulate. The parties agree on terms and perform the contractual obligations in good faith in enounce to complete the contract. Topics Comfortable With How the UCC Article 2 can be applied on a contract for the sale of goods between two merchants. Understanding the d ifferent types of contracts.Identifying the appropriate source of law for each contract type. The duty to mitigate, It was surprising to learn that the law imposes an obligation to take appropriate steps in lay out to avoid incurring restitution and losses. As long as one can avoid the damages with reasonable effort, without undue risk or expense, they may not be able to sue the other party. Topics Struggled With Anticipatory Repudiation how is the non-breaching party entitled to a remedy The IRAC method is still a paper most of us are still struggling with.

The Importance of Accountability Paper Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Accountability publisher EssayThe profound style of experienced training provided for health business workers require an measurable flummox of distinguished guidelines of accountability and prep atomic number 18 administrators to handle diversified patients that could be highly affected by earthy human errors, bodge or neglect. Health care industries are the primary financial asset throughout the nation, thus obtaining funds from private administrative sectors can be highly expensive compared to other musical arrangements. With graceful practice of health care laws and experienced health service provided, physicians can adjust unhonorable sort in a positive way. This paper allow discuss the importance of accountability in health care organizations and the employees as wholesome as how it applies to ethical numerateations in management. Also discussed is how a checks and balance movement reflects on a successful organization. The paper provide al so address if accountability affects the organizations working culture as well as how to remain a positive outlook or avoid blame in the working culture.Measuring Employees AccountabilityHealth care organizations asseverate high accountability guidelines from all aspects such as controlling, coordinating and creating special regulations in order to control the best healthcare for patients, success for healthcare providers, and efficiency indoors the healthcare system. Accountability is necessary within healthcare settings not only for patients, but also for the community as a whole. Reliance and assurance weigh heavy for healthcare providers as it serves as a leader in community resources. As a vital source within the community, the hospital for example is held to the highest standards in accountability for the community. It is viewed as the perfume of medical ethics, superior, and ultimately essential to the public. Requiring employees to be accountable for his or her actions can be a study challenge (Lion, 2012).According to Lion, physicians often look the other way whenthey need to enforce accountability to their lag and tend to think it will go away on its own (Lion, 2012). The group of managers will be the ones to specify what control screening will be done in between performance reviews to con excellence of care and to make certain all aspects of the job are completed. It is also important to detect each irregularities that may be problematic within the organization. This actually means that authorized and disciplinary actions will be irrefutable based on internal standards as imposed by the organization.Additionally, the external sources take on localized health care information picked by the United States Department of Health and Human work that has experts to employ health care laws as well as making sure that organizations are remain by these laws (Martin Frahm, 2010). They have assigned departments that are dedicated to complete the work for a specific cadence zone and they are the legitimate source to provide supervision in health care organizations. However, if any misconduct occurs then the legal department will take disciplinary actions and will have a legal battle with the Supreme Court.Ethical Considerations in Leadership and ManagementEthics is a level-headed perspective to various health care managers and leaders that aids to implement regulatory practices within an organization by improving the decision-making mechanisms. Ethics is most certainly an important terminology for all health care industries because it provides them with everyday determination and provides them with mutual accountability (DeCamp, 2013). Ethics also has an essential effect and role collect to its influential subject matter. There are segments of ethics like clinical and management ethics that are based on the perception of accountability in health care industries because they regulate trustees that are deprecative building trust with patients.As a result, health care organization leaders have to implement a culture that would encourage and conserve the health related concerns of patients by way of motivation. Additionally, health leaders and managers should work together with the organizations stakeholders such as local, state and government agencies as well as other physicians and payers (DeCamp, 2013). Managers and leaders should also make sure that the organizations culture emulates the ethical quality that highlighted towards the needs of patients. The culture achievesthe benchmark the organization needs for practice and regulation measures needed to distribute the resources and expectations of the organization.Checks and Balances ProcessThe checks and balance was created as a system to control the organization or an individual person as well as for the foundation of an amicable interconnection with everyone from each department within an organization. The checks and balance within a profitable organization authorizes the appropriate, competent employee to be in charge of overseeing governing and verificatory concepts or developments. A fundamental perspective to consider in health care is that there will always be room for an employee to abuse his or her power in order to gain unlicensed access to company funds (Feigenbaum, 2015). This is why it is important for organizations to invest in proper security measures to arrest the assets of the company are safe from outside theft as well as internal misconduct (Feigenbaum, 2015. Accountabilitys Affect on Working Culture and Avoiding Blame Accountability has an affect on the working culture because it operates like an external tool to help control and monitor the organization. Accountability has exhibit that health care organizations have breakd its level of effectiveness.It also helps to strongly monitor employees who blame others for mistakes preferably than accept responsibility. This makes it easier for the organiza tion to organize special activities or training for the improvement of services provided from the staff to the patient. In every health care organization patient safety is the primary concern and it is an aspect to consider when dealing with joined work efforts, human experiences and the value of accuracy. In order to manage a able working culture it is important to recognize how and why the breakdown occurred and what can be done to improve the complex issues of a health care organization.Every stakeholder involved along with the organizations employees should deposit their issues aside and prosper to obtain the improvement of the organization as a common objective. It is also important for staff to explore new methods to achieve accountability at the highest level and to be open apt(p) for new innovative ideas as well as sharing them with fellow employees. A poor quality accountability process will lead to the deterioration of the organizations decision-making process and safet y policies. decisionAccountability in any organization is important because it can make all the difference on the success or failure for a company. Every employee regardless of level or position should be held accountable for his or her actions or mistakes and be ready to face the consequences that come after. Above all, the best methods or actions need to be placed on ensuring patient safety and providing the best form of health services in the organization. Accountability is essential to an organization in order to avoid problems if they are handle responsibly and effectively.ReferencesDeCamp, M. (2013, February). Ethics in Accountable Care Organizations. AMA Journal Ethics Illuminating the Art of Ethics, 15(2), 156-161. Retrieved from http//journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2013/02/pfor1-1302.html Feigenbaum, E. (2015). Chron The Meaning of Checks and Balances. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/meaning-checks-balances-4095.html Lion, M. H. (2012, July). Physicians bills Di gest Establishing Staff Accountability. Retrieved from http//www.hcplive.com/physicians-money-digest/practice-management/Establishing-Staff-Accountability Martin, L., Frahm, K. (2010, March). The Nature of Accountability in Administrative Practice. Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, 37(1), 137-148. Retrieved from http//web.a.ebscohost.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=730f0180-5b7b-4797-8409-a9828c7e92b0%40sessionmgr4004vid=1hid=4106

John Locke - Mind Essay Example for Free

John Locke Mind EssayHume and Lockes conflicting views on the existence of individual(prenominal) identity operator stem from a funda affable disagreement in regard to memory. According to Hume we have an impermanent personal identity as a result of our constantly changing stream of perceptions. These mental experiences atomic number 18 unremarkably triggered by impressions, or perceptions that involve a whiz experience. These constantly changing streams of perception form the rancid identity.On the other hand John Locke proposes this concept thatsays X has identity if the ideas of X cause an beholder to have of x are the selfsame(prenominal) at different times. The best capable observer is X themself, as they are there for every moment. For Locke all that is needed for personal identity is mental identity. two these ideas of personal identity are intertwined with each respected philosophers views on memory. According to Hume, memory is unreliable. He believes projecti vism tricks us into forming memories. This is true because Hume also says we cant remember everything, but we project as if we do.The modestness he imposes this is because he believes it causes us to assume we are the same in our memories as we are now. Hume says our memories are triggered by ideas, or perceptions caused by thinking about an impression, instead of actually experiencing it. These memories at best jibe one another, which means we confuse similar but different impressions of ourselves for an impression of a single still self. Moreover, Hume says we do not have the same ideas as we do now and do in the past. As a result memory gives us falseidentity with what it remembers. With this, the nature of the homosexual self is derived from these mental experiences. Although Hume maintains that personal identity is falsely assumed by humans, the ideas that arise from our memories are what forms ones identity. The stopping locate result of personal identity is that individ uals have a false sense of identity, but that this false sense of identity is what gives them their individuality. This whole do is reliant upon memory hence memory is crucial in the evolution of the false self and individuality.Contrary to Hume, Locke believes memory is reliable. He insists that we are able to genuinely recall the same memories. Similarly to Hume, Locke agrees we dont remember everything. Although he shares this belief, he feels what we do remember is comme il faut. He continues this impudence as he points out we dont remember everything accurately but we remember enough accurately. In doing this, we are able to accurately recall past ideas and compare them with present ones. This is how he reaches his point that memory is reliable.Sinceour memories are reliable, our ideas in the past and the present can genuinely be the same. For Locke, the nature of the human self is formed through this process of linking old memories to new memories to create similarities. L ike Hume, individuality is obtained when this process is complete and with it comes awareness of ones self through time. While Hume and Locke have very differentiating opinions on the conception of personal identity relative to memory, they both agree that the end result will be a unique individual.

The Road to Integrated School Systems Essay Example for Free

The Road to Integrated enlighten Systems EssayIn 1986, the Plessy v. Ferguson positive Court nerve established that there could be calve exclusively equal facilities for blacks and discolours, giving support to Jim Crow laws. The arrogant Court did not begin to reverse Plessy until the cook v. Board of nurture Supreme Court case 58 years later, which established that segregating blacks and whites was unconstitutional and that reveal could never be equal. After the period of reconstruction following the Civil War, many states in the southeast and other regions of the country passed laws that discriminated against African-Americans. These laws ranged from restrictions on voting to requirements that blacks and whites use separate facilities and attend separate schools. On June 7, 1892, bulls eye A. Plessy, a man who was one-eighth black and seven-eighths white, bought a train ticket to travel from New siege of Orleans to Covington, Louisiana. Under Louisiana law, he was considered black and was required to ride in the colored car.Because Plessy sat in the whites only car, he was arrested and put in jail in New Orleans (Frost-Knappman). Plessy faced rill for his crime of riding in a railroad car for whites only. John A. Ferguson presided over his trial in federal district chat up. He was found guilty, and the Louisiana Supreme Court upheld his conviction. Plessy then appealed to the United States Supreme Court for an order forbidding Louisiana-in the person of Judge Ferguson-from carrying out his conviction (Frost-Knappman). On April 13, 1896, Plessys lawyers argued before the U.S. Supreme Court. Their argument was that Louisiana had violated Plessys 14th Amendment right to equal protection under the law (Cozzens). attorney General Cunningham argued that the law merely made a distinction between blacks and whites and did not necessarily cover blacks as inferiors (Cozzens). On May 18, 1896, the court issued its decision, upholding the Louisiana law A law which implies merely a efficacious distinction between the white and colored speedsa distinction which is founded in the color of the two races, and which must invariably exist so long a white men are distinguished from the other race by colorhas no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races (Frost-Knappman).The court also endorsed the separate but equal philosophy, ignoring the fact that blacks had almost no control over how equal black and white facilities were (Frost-Knappman). In years to come, black schools, railroad cars, and other facilities were very rarely as good as those of whites. For the next 58 years blacks continued to be discriminated against through separatism. This led to the 1954 Supreme Court case of cook v. Board of Education. chocolate-brown was an eight-year-old girl named Linda and was the daughter of Oliver Brown, a quiet, hard-working man who served as an assistant parson and sexton at St. John African Methodist Epicostal Chur ch in Topeka, Kansas (A Moment in History). Linda Brown attended a school that was more than three miles from her home. Her trip to school involved a six-block walking along the train tracks to catch a bus that took her the rest of the way (Pratt). In 1950, Oliver Brown want to enroll his daughter at the nearby white Sumner Elementary School (Hollaway). The superintendent, Kenneth McFarland, had always favored segregation and informed Brown that Topeka was not yet ready to make the change (Hollaway). The school poster supported McFarland in his decision (Hollaway).On August 25, 1950, Lucinda Todd, secretary of the local NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of dark People), wrote to the national office in New York, saying that the school situation in Topeka had big(p) unbearable and that the local branch was willing to go to court to challenge the Kansas law. Local attorneys Charles Bledsoe, John Scott, and Charles Scott move up the legal papers. However, it was not easy to find blacks willing to serve as complainants in the case. Lucinda Todd was the root years to volunteer. at last, twelve others followed. All were the parents of children who had been denied admission to white schools, and all were women except for Oliver Brown who was listed as the lead plaintiff (Pratt). The case was officially filed with the U.S. District Court for Kansas on February 28, 1951. Though sympathetic with the plaintiffs argument, the District Court unanimously refused to grant relief (Cozzens).Immediately after the lower courts ruling, the NAACP attorneys began to prepare their appeal. Similar school desegregation suits were world filed in the District of Columbia, Delaware, Virginia, and South Carolina. The central issue of the cases shifted from unequal funding to the fact that segregation was unconstitutional and a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In December 1952, the Supreme court decided to group the five cases together and hear them simultaneously. The cases became known as Brown v. Board of Education (Cozzens). On May 17, 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote for a unanimous court that separate cultivation facilities are inherently unequal. In summing up the courts opinion Warren concluded To separate black children from others of similar age solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community. In 1955, the court handed down its enforcement decree in Brown II, which said that the desegregation of public schools should proceed with reckon speed (Hollaway).Ironically, Linda Brown had by this time started to attend an integrated middle school. However, thousands of other children benefited from the courts decision (Pratt). Eventually this decision would be used to dispel other segregation laws and practices. For example, the separate but equal doctrine was abolished (Frost-Knappman). Today, de facto segregation still exists in some areas because of r esidential patterns and other factors. However, much progress has been made. Were it not for the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case, The U.S. would probably not be quite so off the beaten track(predicate) along in the quest for public integration of races.Works CitedCozzens, Lisa. Brown v. Board of Education. 29 June 1998. 14 April 2002 . . Plessy v. Ferguson. 17 Sep. 1999. 18 April 2002 . Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth, Edward W. Knappman, Lisa Paddock, eds. Courtroom Drama. 1998. New England Publishing Associates, Inc. Hollaway, Kevin. The RulingBrown v. Board of Education. Civil Rights A Status Report. 13 Dec. 1996. 14 April 2002 . A Moment in History Brown v. Board of Education. Learning Network. 14 April 2002 . Pratt, Robert A. requisition Overruled. National Parks. Sep./Oct. 1993.

The Differences Between CMM And CMMI

The Differences Between CMM And CMMIThe recent attitude of the organisations to make the harvests complex in establish survive the competitors, made them to employ softw ar in their organisations. up to now, the community of information systems known for its poor product fictitious character made them to research the methods to change its efficiency. This led them to discover that the focus was needed more on the borderes which in turn led to improve the quality of the softwargon products. The process when used it an efficient direction can make the organisations maintain the consistency and help to achieve their mission. Many models and programmes described the ways to improve the product quality. Of those, The electrical capacity Maturity Model (CMM) found by SEI, in 1984, gave a clear surge to the organisations the efficient way to improve the process. Later, it was found that it can be employed in other palm too and thereafter it was employed to improve business proces ses. However this method had some drawbacks and those were superseded by the Capability Maturity Model Integ ration (CMMI). This essay portrait the key differences between these models and describes the effectiveness of employ CMMI.2. Differences between CMM and CMMI2.1 CMM OverviewThe first CMM, developed in 1990, was developed for the purpose to improve the process in software breeding 1. This model proved to be a successful one and thereof, it became a generalised model for improve the processes other than SW development process like software engineering, system engineering,software maintenance, software management, put on the line management and also being employed in other industries, governments, organisations and also for business process usefulness 1.Fig.1 CMM Maturity aims 2The CMM for Software (SW-CMM) is a framework that provides the way to manage a process effectively. It is a stair- mooraged bodily body structure wherein each step is a adulthood direct describi ng the current capability of the process. It tells where the processes are. The CMM scales the organisation from 1 to 5 based on the KPAs achieved by the organisations.Fig. 2.2 Structure of the CMM 3As shown in the figure 2, each maturity level defines the process capability at that stage and contains (other than Initial) Key Process Areas (KPA) defined of goals to be achieved. Each KPA has trustworthy key practices that are to be strictly followed to achieve the goals. These key practices are arranged as groups (Common features) consisting infrastructure and implementation.2.2 CMMI OverviewCMMI is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes that ultimately improve their performance. CMMI can be used to guide process improvement across a project, a division, or an entire organization. 4. both(prenominal) CMM and CMMI have the same five maturity levels. In CMMI, each process area has specific goals and generic wine goals that define the generic and specific practices respectively.Fig.3.1 CMMI Structure 5 in that location are two types of approaches staged and continuous. In the case of the staged approach, KPAs are defined and then based on it the maturity level structure is drawn whereas in the continuous approach, a specific KPA is chosen and then it is relatively improved by using the capability levels 6.The CMMI too scales the organisation from a scale of 1 to 5 based on the KPAs. It also provides an appraisal which focuses on improving the plans for the organisations. There are three classes of appraisals, namely class A, B and C 7.2.3 Key DifferencesThe factors that distinguish CMM and CMMI during implementation are 1.integration, 2.KPA, 3.approach and 4.paperwork 8.2.3.1 Integration The CMM has man-to-man models for each function. exactly when the individual processes when integrated led to few discrepancies like model overlapping, contradiction and each model had its own maturity l evel which lead to a confusion. This led to the increase in the costs of the companies that were put in training.But CMMI employs models that are classified on the basis of specific areas of interests. These models are those employed by industries successfully. To employ CMMI in an organisation, it must choose a model form the available 22 models wherein each module covers only the functionalities.2.3.2 KPA Both CMM and CMMI have 5 maturity levels. But there are differences in the KPAs of each maturity level. The differences in each model are as follows1. Initial In both models, it covers the organisations without defined processes, having propelling changes (ad-hoc) and undocumented.2. Repeat In CMM, the companies that seem to do the same process periodically attain this level. In CMMI, it requires a planned and defined ways of managing the requirements by estimating cost, time and resources.3. Defined CMM requires a standard, well-documented and consistent process with few degre es of changes to be followed. CMMI requires the process to be standardised, methodical and procedural with the use of tools.4. Manage CMM requires companies to quantitatively measure and monitoring device process thereby reducing risks. CMMI, n addition identifies and monitors the sub processes that contribute to overall efficiency.5. Optimized In CMM, the process is continuously improved by following the best software engineering practices but here the measures are taken simultaneously as the goals are satisfied. In CMMI, behaviour is selected and goals are set to support it. demeanor is selected on the basis of goals and measures.2.3.3 ApproachCMM is an activity based model. It aims only in the completion of the process and does non care about the desired result and hence it does not motivate the company to make the requisite changes. But CMMI is a result oriented based on key performance areas and thereof it is a best practice for the companies and helps to avoid the possible risks at a very early stage.2.3.4 PaperworkBoth CMM and CMMI documentation has paperwork and meetings that leads to waste of effort and time of the personnel. However, in CMM is process-oriented whereas the CMMI is a goal-cum-result-oriented approach.3. Benefits of adopting CMMIThe organisations that adopted the CMMI reported the following benefits 93.1 Cost The CMMI word sense led to reduced defect sustain cost, reduced overhead rate, reduced cost of poor quality and increased the average cost performance index with decline in variation.3.2 Schedule It led to decrease in release turnaround time, reduction in average number of days late, increased parting of milestones met, increased throughput that led to more releases per year, improvised and stabilised schedule performance index with decreased difference and increased time voice communication accuracy.3.3 QualityReduction in software defects (KLOC), errors caused in the source principle and the post-release defects and in creased focus on quality by developers was observed after using CMMI.3.4 productivityProductivity was measured in metrics like number of statements produced per month, comparing the various builds, number of releases per year, software return etc, Productivity of the companies also increased.3.5 Customer SatisfactionThe customer satisfaction, measured using ratings and awards fees, increased since the time of delivery mentioned was accurate and also it was defect free.3.6 Return on Investment (ROI)ROI ratio measured based on the defects that are overcome, the degree of automation activities and quality and process improvement, seemed to be on the positive side that motivated the organisations to employ CMMI.4. Case Study of companies switching over to CMMI from CMMThe following three points are the detailed reports 10 of the companies that evolved from CMM to CMMI which depicts the improvements and results of doing so.4.1 Lockheed Martin M DSInitially, the organisation was asse ssed CMM level 2 in 1993. But later, in 1996 it moved to CMM Level 3 and then evolved to CMMI Level 5 in 2002 in integrating SE-CMM and SW-CMM. As a result of this, improvements in the customer satisfaction, productivity and the product cost were noted leading to the conclusion that the process improvement that lasted for near 10 years proved fruitful. Between 1996 and 2002, process improvement was continual and the company increased its productivity by 30% and decreased unit software cost and defect costs by 20% and 15% respectively. The customer satisfaction was achieved as there was an increase in percentage of the available award fees 10.4.2 AccentureAccenture, one of the reputed organisations, had a transition from the SW-CMM to the CMMI between May, 2001 and May, 2002. It attained the CMM Level 3 initially and when they moved to CMMI, during which they acquired CMMI Level 3. During the CMMI, the organisation focussed mainly on the processes related to the Measurement and Anal ysis, Decision Analysis and Resolution, generic goals and combine Product and Process Development (IPPD). As a result of the transition, improvements in the costs of quality and ROI ratio were captured. The ROI ratio achieved was 51 in the quality 10.4.3 Boeing Limited, AustraliaThe Boeing Limited process performance was not up to the mark. Initially they were using CMM and Electronics Industry Alliance (EIA 731). Thereof, they decided to improve the process by adopting CMMI so as to 1. Integrate SE and SWE 2.Universal acceptance by customers and suppliers and 3.Risk analysis using Defence Material Organisation (DMO) strategy. There were improvements seen in the product cost, schedule/cycle time and the product quality. The results of adoption made defect fix costs, turnaround time and test audits (pre and post) decrease by 33%, 50% and 60% respectively and product quality increase to a major extent 10.5. Factors that have major impactFrom the case studies it is distinctly evident that the integration, approach styles and the need for continuous improvements of the process by the organisation led to the organisations to move from CMM to CMMI. However there are many organisations like Bosch Gasoline Systems, Thales Research Technology, Sanchez Computer Associates Inc, still are using the CMM and reporting benefits thereof.6. ConclusionCMMI models should be still integrated and developed such the costs involved and the efforts are reduced.